# |
evday |
evmonth |
evyear |
evdetail |
1 |
27 |
5 |
0735 |
Death of Bede at Wearmouth, England - the 'Father of English History' and author of Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (Ecclesiastical History of the English People) |
2 |
0 |
0 |
0802 |
Egbert, king of Wessex, won allegiance of all English and became the first king of the English. |
3 |
0 |
0 |
0868 |
The first printed book, a copy of the Buddhist Diamond Sutra, is produced in China using carved wooden blocks to print the text on paper. |
4 |
0 |
0 |
0871 |
Alfred the Great, ruler of England to 899. Saxon: 4th son of Ethelwulf, defeated Danes, fortified London. |
5 |
0 |
0 |
0900 |
Vikings begin three centuries of exploration throughout the Arctic region. During their travels they colonize Iceland, settle Greenland, and visit North America. |
6 |
0 |
0 |
0900 |
Fish are recorded as being farmed in China |
7 |
18 |
3 |
0978 |
Ethelred II the Unready, ruler of England to 1016. Saxon: 2nd son of Edgar, half-brother of Edward, married Emma of Normandy. See Emma's file in this family tree |
8 |
0 |
0 |
1000 |
Polynesians arrive in New Zealand between 1000 and 1300, beginning human settlement of the world's last sizeable unoccupied landmass. |
9 |
30 |
11 |
1016 |
Canute the Great (or Cnut or Knut), ruler of England to 1035. Viking: Became King of England by conquest and election. Also King of Denmark, Norway and parts of Sweden. Gave Wessex to Edmund, married Emma of Normandy. See Emma's file in this family tree. |
10 |
0 |
0 |
1023 |
First paper money printed in China |
11 |
12 |
11 |
1035 |
Harald I, Harefoot, ruler of England to 1040. Viking: Natural son of Canute the Great |
12 |
17 |
3 |
1040 |
Harthacanute/Hardicanute, ruler of England to 1042. Dane: Son of Canute the Great by Emma of Normandy, also King of Denmark 1035-1042 |
13 |
8 |
6 |
1042 |
Edward the Confessor, ruler of England 1042-1066. Saxon: Son of Ethelred the Unready and Emma of Normandy. Canonized 1161. |
14 |
0 |
0 |
1044 |
Use of gunpowder recorded in Chinese textbook for war |
15 |
0 |
0 |
1054 |
Church East (Orthodox)-West (Catholic) split |
16 |
14 |
10 |
1066 |
Battle of Hastings: English vs. Normans. The Normans under William the Conqueror win. |
17 |
25 |
12 |
1066 |
William the Conqueror, ruler of England to 1087, by conquest. Norman: Second cousin to Edward the Confessor. Defeated Harold II at the battle of Hastings |
18 |
0 |
0 |
1085 |
Population of England estimated at about 2 million. World population is estimated at about 300 million. |
19 |
0 |
0 |
1086 |
William "the Conqueror" set up the Domesday Book to find out who owned what land and livestock in England. |
20 |
0 |
0 |
1095 |
The First Crusade in the Near East was a decisive Crusader victory. Nine major and some lesser Crusades extended from 1095 to 1272. |
21 |
0 |
0 |
1096 |
Teaching existed at the University of Oxford in some form in 1096 and may go back to the 10th century |
22 |
3 |
8 |
1100 |
Henry I Beauclerc, ruler of England to 1135. Norman: Youngest son of William the Conqueror. Seizes crown when brother William II is shot while hunting. |
23 |
0 |
0 |
1117 |
First recorded use of a magnetic compass (China) |
24 |
0 |
0 |
1138 |
Civil war in England, known as the Anarchy |
25 |
25 |
10 |
1154 |
Henry II, ruler of England. House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of Geoffrey Plantaganet by Matilda, daughter of Henry I |
26 |
29 |
12 |
1170 |
Henry II's men murder Thomas Beckett, Archbishop of Canterbury |
27 |
6 |
7 |
1189 |
Richard the Lionheart, ruler of England. House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Eldest surviving son of Henry II, crusader, and Eleanor of Aquitaine. He is killed fighting Phillip II of France. Richard's brain was buried at the abbey of Charroux in Poitou, his heart was buried at Rouen in Normandy, and the rest of his body was buried at the feet of his father at Fontevraud Abbey in Anjou. |
28 |
0 |
0 |
1200 |
Functional buttons with buttonholes for fastening or closing clothing appeared first in Germany in the 13th century. They soon became widespread with the rise of snug-fitting garment in 13th- and 14th-century Europe. |
29 |
0 |
0 |
1202 |
The Hindu-Arabic numbering system (documented from the ninth century in India) introduced to Europe by mathematician Fibonacci. |
30 |
0 |
0 |
1204 |
England loses mainland Normandy but keeps the Channel Islands - they are called still "Normandy" in the description of the English royal domains. |
31 |
24 |
2 |
1209 |
Francis of Assisi (1181-1226) founds the Franciscan order, which is devoted to a life of poverty. |
32 |
15 |
6 |
1215 |
Magna Carta signed at Runnymede in the River Thames. |
33 |
18 |
10 |
1216 |
Henry III of Winchester, ruler of England. House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of John, acceded aged 9, under regency until 1227. |
34 |
0 |
0 |
1233 |
First coal is mined in Newcastle, England |
35 |
0 |
0 |
1250 |
The gun invented in China. |
36 |
20 |
1 |
1265 |
First representative English Parliament convened, representing not just a small number of barons, but knights and gentry. |
37 |
16 |
11 |
1272 |
Edward I Longshanks, ruler of England. Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Son of Henry III. |
38 |
0 |
0 |
1279 |
Kublai Khan establishes the Yuan Dynasty, unifying all of China from Central Asia to Korea. During this period European travelers first begin to arrive in China, marking the true beginning of 'East-West' relationships |
39 |
0 |
0 |
1280 |
Whilst "reading stones" made of glass (placed over text) were developed in the 9th century, the modern spectacles were not developed until 1280-1300 in Italy. |
40 |
0 |
0 |
1280 |
Mechanical clocks invented. |
41 |
0 |
0 |
1287 |
First commission of inquiry into levels of smoke in the city of London. Coal burning would be banned (ineffectively) in 1307. |
42 |
0 |
0 |
1290 |
Edward I expels all Jews from England. This was not legally revoked until 1656. |
43 |
0 |
0 |
1295 |
Modern glassmaking begins in Venice leading to the development of spectacles, telescopes and microscopes. |
44 |
7 |
2 |
1301 |
Edward I of England invests his baby son Edward as the first English-appointed Prince of Wales. It is always given to the heir-apparent of the English throne. |
45 |
7 |
7 |
1307 |
Edward II of Carnarvon, ruler of England. House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Eldest surviving son of Edward I. Forced to abdicate by Parliament. |
46 |
23 |
6 |
1314 |
Battle of Bannockburn: Robert Bruce defeats Edward II and makes Scotland independent |
47 |
0 |
0 |
1326 |
First mention of a handgun. |
48 |
1 |
2 |
1327 |
Edward III of Windsor, ruler of England. House of Plantagenet, Angevin Line: Eldest son of Edward II. |
49 |
0 |
0 |
1328 |
Invention of the sawmill spurs the English shipbuilding industry |
50 |
0 |
0 |
1337 |
Philip declares Edward's fiefs forfeit and begins harassing the frontiers of Aquitaine; Edward III, provoked by these attacks on his territories in France, declares himself king of France; 'The Hundred Years' War' ensues |
51 |
0 |
0 |
1343 |
Geoffrey Chaucer, first great English poet, author of The Canterbury Tales |
52 |
0 |
0 |
1346 |
The Black Death peaked in England but there were several subsequent outbreaks. Reaching from India to Iceland, it reduces population in Asia and Europe by a quarter or a third. It is the last time global population declines. |
53 |
0 |
0 |
1350 |
English emerges as England's national language about mid 14th century |
54 |
0 |
0 |
1360 |
Guy de Chauliac, in Chirurgia Magna, recommended extending fractured limbs with pulleys and weights and recommended replacing lost teeth with bone fastened to the sound teeth with gold wire. |
55 |
0 |
0 |
1368 |
The Ming Dynasty is established after defeating and expelling the Mongols. The Ming rulers once again isolate China, cutting off contact with outside nations, emphasizing nationalism, and erecting land barriers in a fearful attempt to protect the country from (perceived) invasions. |
56 |
22 |
6 |
1377 |
Richard II of Bordeaux king of England (at the age of ten). House of Plantaganet, son of Edward the Black Prince. |
57 |
0 |
0 |
1380 |
First English language Bible (John Wycliffe) |
58 |
0 |
0 |
1381 |
Peasants' Revolt in England over attempt to lower wages of farm labourers marks the beginning of the end of serfdom |
59 |
0 |
0 |
1390 |
The oldest surviving cookbook in English is The Forme of Cury, from about 1390. |
60 |
30 |
9 |
1399 |
Henry IV, ruler of England 1399-1413. House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: Son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, 4th son of Edward III. Chosen by Parliament as successor to Richard II. |
61 |
0 |
0 |
1400 |
Sea levels approx 1.9m (6ft) lower than today |
62 |
0 |
0 |
1400 |
The first piano, called the Spinet, is invented. |
63 |
0 |
0 |
1400 |
First golf balls invented. |
64 |
0 |
0 |
1405 |
Admiral Cheng Ho begins his voyages for Emperor Chu Ti. The Treasure Fleet of the Dragon Throne rules the South Pacific and Indian Ocean until 1433. Did the Chinese map most of the world? See http://www.1421.tv/. |
65 |
0 |
0 |
1411 |
Charles VI of France gave sole rights to the aging of Roquefort cheese to the village of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon, and all Roquefort still must be aged in the caves there today. |
66 |
21 |
3 |
1413 |
Henry V, ruler of England 1413-1422. House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: Eldest son of Henry IV |
67 |
0 |
0 |
1415 |
Henry V invades France, and defeats the French at Battle of Agincourt |
68 |
0 |
0 |
1420 |
Oil painting invented. |
69 |
31 |
8 |
1422 |
Henry VI, ruler of England 1422-1461. House of Plantagenet, Lancastrian Line: 9-month old only son of Henry V |
70 |
30 |
5 |
1431 |
Joan of Arc burned as a witch at Rouen; Henry VI of England crowned king of France in Paris |
71 |
0 |
0 |
1437 |
Johannes Gutenberg became the first in Europe to print with movable type cast in molds. |
72 |
0 |
0 |
1439 |
In an effort to stop the spread of disease, kissing is banned in England. |
73 |
0 |
0 |
1441 |
Portuguese navigators cruise West Africa and reestablish slave trade. For more than four centuries this trade foments exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Africa, Europe, and the Americas. |
74 |
0 |
0 |
1444 |
Nicholas of Cusa denied that the earth could be at the center of the universe since the universe is unbounded and made several astronomical claims including that the Earth moved around the sun, the stars were other suns, and had inhabited worlds. He also performed the first modern, formal biological experiment from which he concluded that plants absorb nourishment from the air. |
75 |
1 |
3 |
1449 |
Lorenzo de Medici of Florence. Many in this Italian noble family were patrons of learning and the arts. Lorenzo's great granddaughter, Catherine, is known as the 'mother of French haute cuisine' because when she married the French king Henry II, she brought the finest Italian chefs, and her passion for fine food, with her to France. |
76 |
0 |
0 |
1452 |
Wars of the Roses, N and W = Lancaster, S and E = York |
77 |
0 |
0 |
1459 |
William Caxton invents printing press with movable type, starts printing books in English and Latin |
78 |
4 |
3 |
1461 |
Edward IV, ruler of England to 1483 following the Battle of Mortimer's Cross and Battle of Towton. House of York: Great-great-grandson of Edward III, son of Duke of York. |
79 |
0 |
0 |
1467 |
Silk industry established in Lyon, France, with Italian workers. |
80 |
30 |
10 |
1470 |
Henry VI restored to throne when Edward IV deposed by Earl of Warwick. |
81 |
0 |
0 |
1475 |
Muzzle-loaded rifles invented in Italy and Germany. |
82 |
0 |
0 |
1476 |
William Caxton sets up printing press in Westminster, England |
83 |
0 |
0 |
1482 |
Leonardo da Vinci began his notebooks in pursuit of evidence that the human body is microcosmic, which, by 1510-1511, included dissections of the human body. These notebooks, which circulated in manuscript copies, also contained his thoughts on the impossibility of perpetual motion, dynamics, statics, numerous machines, and other matters. |
84 |
26 |
6 |
1483 |
Richard III, King of England. House of York. Father Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York |
85 |
22 |
8 |
1485 |
Henry VII, ruler of England to 1508. House of Tudor: Son of Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, whose father had married the widow of Henry V; descended from Edward III through his mother, Mary Beaufort, via John of Gaunt. By marriage with daughter of Edward IV he united Lancaster and York. |
86 |
0 |
0 |
1490 |
Newsbooks being produced at the rate of 20 per year |
87 |
12 |
10 |
1492 |
Christopher Columbus 'discovers' America at 2 am |
88 |
1 |
6 |
1494 |
The first written mention of Scotch whisky is in the Exchequer Rolls of Scotland. A Friar John Cor was the distiller. |
89 |
0 |
0 |
1497 |
In a two-year voyage, Vasco da Gama rounds the Cape of Good Hope and reaches India |
90 |
0 |
0 |
1500 |
The mainspring invented, leading to development of the watch |
91 |
0 |
0 |
1500 |
Extinction of the New Zealand moa, a giant flightless bird, after about 500 years of pressure from Maori hunters. |
92 |
0 |
0 |
1500 |
The first flush toilets appeared in Europe. |
93 |
0 |
0 |
1500 |
Population of London about 75,000 |
94 |
0 |
0 |
1501 |
Ocean trade route from Europe to India established |
95 |
0 |
0 |
1503 |
The pocket handkerchief appears in Europe |
96 |
0 |
0 |
1508 |
Michelangelo paints the vault of the Sistine Chapel 1508-12 |
97 |
0 |
0 |
1509 |
Spain begins to settle Jamaica (Xamayca, meaning land of wood and water) calling it Santiago = St James. |
98 |
21 |
4 |
1509 |
Henry VIII. Ruler of England to 1547. House of Tudor: Only surviving son of Henry VII by Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV. |
99 |
10 |
7 |
1509 |
John Calvin 1509-64, influential French theologian of the Protestant Reformation. His seminal work was Institutes of the Christian Religion. |
100 |
0 |
0 |
1510 |
Pocket watch invented by Peter Henlein. |
101 |
0 |
0 |
1512 |
Nikolaus Kopernikus, better known as Copernicus, circulated a manuscript, the Commentariolus, which hypothesized that the Earth was a planet and planets revolved in circles and epicircles around the Sun, that the Earth rotated daily, and regressions in planetary orbits were explained by the Earth's motions. |
102 |
0 |
0 |
1516 |
Duke Wilhelm IV of Bavaria decreed that beer could only be brewed from barley malt, hops and water. This Rheinheitsgebot (purity law) was probably the world's first consumer protection law. |
103 |
0 |
0 |
1517 |
Henry VIII forbids reading of Martin Luther's books, doesn't work; by 1527 some scholars attacking Church, call themselves Protestants, are considered heretics |
104 |
31 |
10 |
1517 |
The Protestant Reformation begins; Martin Luther nails his 95 Theses against the Catholic practice of selling indulgences, on the church door at Wittenberg, Germany |
105 |
0 |
0 |
1519 |
Chocolate as a drink introduced to Europe |
106 |
0 |
0 |
1519 |
Avocados were introduced to Europe by Spanish explorer Hernán Cortés |
107 |
10 |
8 |
1519 |
Ferdinand Magellan begins his journey to circumnavigate the world with five ships and 270 men. In 1521 Magellan is killed by natives in the Philippines. Eventually in 1522, eighteen of Magellan's crew and one ship return |
108 |
0 |
0 |
1521 |
The Diet of Worms begins - the assembly of the Holy Roman Empire at which Martin Luther made his famous appearance. |
109 |
17 |
10 |
1521 |
Henry VIII receives the title Defender of the Faith from Pope Leo X for his opposition to Luther |
110 |
0 |
0 |
1525 |
Introduction of potato to Europe from South America |
111 |
0 |
0 |
1529 |
Henry VIII dismisses Lord Chancellor Thomas Wolsey for failing to obtain the Pope's consent to his divorce from Catherine of Aragon; Sir Thomas More appointed Lord Chancellor; Henry VIII summons the 'Reformation Parliament' and begins to cut the ties with the Church of Rome |
112 |
0 |
0 |
1530 |
First public lottery - Italy |
113 |
0 |
0 |
1533 |
King granted divorce by his new Archbishop of Canterbury (Thomas Cranmer), marries Anne Boleyn, Elizabeth born, declared heir to throne, Mary set aside; monasteries dissolved; Pope excommunicates Henry VIII and Cranmer |
114 |
0 |
0 |
1534 |
Act of Supremacy: Henry VIII declared supreme head of the Church of England |
115 |
0 |
0 |
1535 |
Publication of first authorised translation of Bible (the Coverdale Bible) |
116 |
6 |
7 |
1535 |
Sir Thomas More is beheaded in Tower of London for failing to take the Oath of Supremacy |
117 |
0 |
0 |
1536 |
Anne Boleyn is beheaded; Henry VIII marries Jane Seymour; dissolution of monasteries in England begins under the direction of Thomas Cromwell, completed in 1539. |
118 |
0 |
0 |
1540 |
Sir Francis Drake, English sea captain, privateer, navigator, slaver, a renowned pirate, and politician of the Elizabethan era. |
119 |
0 |
0 |
1544 |
Tomatoes reach Europe. It is unclear where tomatoes may have been first domesticated but the two main possibilities are Peru and Mexico. The wild forms may have originated in either area, but it was the indigenous peoples of Mexico that first cultivated them. In fact, the common name tomato comes from tomatl, the word for this plant in the Nahuatl language of Mexico. |
120 |
0 |
0 |
1544 |
Henry VIII orders English translation of Bible placed in every parish church; Litany said in English for first time; Pope declares Henry deposed, supported by all Catholic princes, particularly France and Scotland; Henry builds 70-ship navy, arms people, fortifies coast |
121 |
0 |
0 |
1547 |
90% of English population estimated to be rural, average Tudor town = about 3,000 people. |
122 |
28 |
1 |
1547 |
Edward VI, ruler of England to 1553. House of Tudor: Son of Henry VIII, by Jane Seymour, his 3rd queen. Ruled under regents (he was 9 years old when he became king). |
123 |
0 |
0 |
1549 |
Introduction of uniform worship in England based on Edward VI's Book of Common Prayer |
124 |
0 |
0 |
1550 |
Supposedly, the first café in the world opened in Constantinople. |
125 |
0 |
0 |
1550 |
Chocolate arrived in Europe. |
126 |
0 |
0 |
1553 |
Prospero Alpini was born. A physician and botanist, he is said to have introduced coffee and bananas to Europe and to have been the first to artificially fertilize date palms. |
127 |
0 |
0 |
1553 |
Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon, Queen of England (to 1558); Restoration of Roman Catholic bishops in England |
128 |
10 |
7 |
1553 |
Lady Jane Grey proclaimed queen of England by Duke of Northumberland, her reign lasts nine days. She is executed 12 Feb 1554 at age 17 because of her father's involvement in Wyatt's Rebellion. |
129 |
0 |
0 |
1555 |
Protestants in England are persecuted and about 300, including Archbishop Cranmer, are burned at the stake |
130 |
0 |
0 |
1555 |
Michel de Notredame or Nostradamus published his book of prophecies Centuries Asrtologiques and Excellent er Moult Utile Opuscule a tous necessaire qui desirent avoir connaissance de plusieurs exq uises recettes ('An excellent and most useful little work essential to all who wish to become acquainted with some exquisite recipes'). |
131 |
17 |
11 |
1558 |
Elizabeth I, ruler of England to 1603. House of Tudor: Daughter of Henry VIII, by Anne Boleyn. |
132 |
0 |
0 |
1559 |
John Knox returns to Scotland aflame with Calvinism |
133 |
0 |
0 |
1560 |
Church of Scotland established - a reformed or presbyterian church |
134 |
22 |
1 |
1561 |
Francis Bacon English philosopher, statesman, scientist, lawyer, jurist, and author, served both as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England. |
135 |
0 |
0 |
1563 |
The Thirty-nine Articles, which complete establishment of the Anglican Church |
136 |
0 |
0 |
1564 |
William Shakespeare, playwright, poet, actor |
137 |
0 |
0 |
1565 |
Lead pencil invented |
138 |
0 |
0 |
1568 |
The Dean of St. Paul's Cathedral developed a method to bottle beer. |
139 |
0 |
0 |
1577 |
Sir Francis Drake circumnavigates the globe, plunders Spanish shipping (to 1580) |
140 |
0 |
0 |
1582 |
The new Gregorian calendar was adopted by most Catholic countries. Not adopted in England until 1752, by which time an adjustment of 11 days had to be made - see Dates and Calendars in Support |
141 |
0 |
6 |
1588 |
Spanish Armada - 60,000 troops, 30,000 sailors, 77,000 tons of shipping - sails against England, battle lasts one week, decimated by English then by gales |
142 |
0 |
0 |
1590 |
Sir John Harington is said to have invented 'The Ajax', a flush toilet, for Elizabeth I of England, who wouldn't use the contraption because it made too much noise. His design was ridiculed in England, but was adopted in France under the name Angrez. |
143 |
0 |
0 |
1590 |
Zacharias and Hans Janssen combined double convex lenses in a tube, producing the first telescope. |
144 |
0 |
0 |
1594 |
Irish Nine Years War (or Tyrone's Rebellion) between Gaelic Irish chieftains, notably Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, and Elizabethan English forces, mainly in Ulster. It ended with the Flight of the Earls and the Plantation of Ulster |
145 |
0 |
0 |
1596 |
The work of Dutch cartographer Abraham Ortelius suggests the possibility of continental drift, which will be described more forcefully by Alfred Wegener centuries later. |
146 |
0 |
0 |
1599 |
College of Physicians founded in Glasgow, Scotland |
147 |
0 |
0 |
1600 |
First cafés appear across Europe |
148 |
0 |
0 |
1600 |
William Gilbert, in De Magnete, Magneticisque Corporibus, et de Magno Magnete Tellure (On the Magnet and Magnetic Bodies, and on That Great Magnet the Earth), held that the earth behaves like a giant magnet with its poles near the geographic poles. He coined the word electrica (from the Greek word for amber, elektron), and distinguished electricity from magnetism. |
149 |
0 |
0 |
1600 |
Population of London about 200,000 |
150 |
31 |
12 |
1600 |
The British East India Company was incorporated by royal charter. It was created to compete in the East Indian spice trade. |
151 |
0 |
0 |
1601 |
Pyjamas were introduced in England as lounging attire in the 17th century but soon went out of fashion. About 1870 they reappeared in the Western world as sleeping attire for men |
152 |
0 |
0 |
1601 |
English Poor Law Act passed, prompted by three successive poor harvests resulting in demonstrations by starving peasants; codifies previous measures, differentiates between able-bodied and weak unemployed; town councils began to tax citizens to pay for alms |
153 |
0 |
0 |
1602 |
Founding of Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC in old-spelling Dutch, literally "United East Indian Company") |
154 |
0 |
0 |
1603 |
The Plague again ravishes London and provincial towns killing 33,000 people |
155 |
24 |
3 |
1603 |
At end of Elizabeth I's reign, English population estimated at 4 million, 80% living in rural areas |
156 |
24 |
3 |
1603 |
James I ruler of England to 1625. House of Stuart: Son of Mary, Queen of Scots. First to call himself King of Great Britain. This became official with the Act of Union in 1707. |
157 |
0 |
0 |
1604 |
Robert Cawdrey's A Table Alphabeticall, first English dictionary, is published |
158 |
5 |
11 |
1605 |
Gunpowder Plot - Guy Fawkes and other Roman Catholic conspirators fail in attempt to blow up Parliament and James I |
159 |
0 |
0 |
1606 |
Willem Jansz in the Dwyflken lands on the west coast of Cape York peninsula. He is the first authenticated European discoverer of Australia. |
160 |
0 |
0 |
1609 |
Avisa Relation oder Zeitung, the world's first regular newspaper, is published in Germany |
161 |
0 |
0 |
1609 |
Galileo built a telescope with which he discovered the mountains on the moon, that the Milky Way consisted of innumerable stars, the four largest satellites of Jupiter, the phases of Venus, and sunspots. |
162 |
0 |
0 |
1611 |
English and Scottish Protestant colonists settle in Ulster |
163 |
0 |
0 |
1611 |
The King James or Authorised Version of the Bible is an English translation of the Christian Bible published |
164 |
0 |
0 |
1612 |
Deforestation of England for charcoal to make iron already a problem, substitutes sought |
165 |
0 |
0 |
1615 |
The first tea is imported to the west |
166 |
0 |
0 |
1616 |
Italian philosopher Lucilio Vanini suggests that humans descended from apes. For this heresy, he is burned alive three years later. |
167 |
26 |
10 |
1616 |
Dutch explorer Dirk Hartog lands on Australia's west coast |
168 |
0 |
0 |
1617 |
The first one way streets were established in London. Seventeen one way streets were created to regulate 'disorder and rude behaviour of carmen, draymen, and others using cartes'. |
169 |
0 |
0 |
1620 |
A group of puritans from Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, later to be known as "pilgrims", land at Plymouth Rock on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, in the Mayflower |
170 |
0 |
0 |
1620 |
The first corn (maize) was discovered by some Pilgrims led by Myles Standish, while exploring the area near Provincetown, Massachusetts. They named the spot Corn Hill. |
171 |
0 |
0 |
1622 |
James I dissolves Parliament for asserting its right to debate foreign affairs |
172 |
0 |
0 |
1622 |
Weekly News, first English newspaper, published. |
173 |
0 |
0 |
1625 |
Jean-Baptiste Denys invents a method for blood transfusion. |
174 |
27 |
3 |
1625 |
Charles I, King of England to 1649 (he was executed); Charles I married Henrietta Maria, sister of Louis XIII of France |
175 |
0 |
0 |
1627 |
William Harvey was able to confirm his observation that the blood circulates throughout the body, which he inferred from the structure of the venal valves. The following year, in Exercitatio Anatomica, he published these conclusions as well as a description of the heart as a mechanical pump. |
176 |
0 |
0 |
1629 |
Charles I dissolves Parliament and rules personally until 1640 |
177 |
0 |
0 |
1629 |
Giovanni Branca invents a steam turbine. |
178 |
0 |
0 |
1629 |
The first horses were imported to the American colonies by the Massachusetts Bay Colony. |
179 |
0 |
0 |
1630 |
Supposedly, Quadequina, an American Indian, introduced English colonists to popcorn. He had brought some to their first Thanksgiving dinner. |
180 |
0 |
0 |
1633 |
Galileo was forced by the Inquisition in Rome to renounce his theory that the Earth revolved around the Sun. |
181 |
0 |
0 |
1636 |
The Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony established Harvard College (New College), the first college in the Americas. |
182 |
0 |
0 |
1637 |
Supposedly, Cardinal Richelieu 'created' the table knife when he had the points rounded on all knives to be used at his table. Either to stop people picking their teeth with pointy knives or so no one could stab him. |
183 |
0 |
0 |
1638 |
Covenant signed in Scotland, signers bound to preserve Presbyterianism |
184 |
0 |
0 |
1641 |
Catholics in Ireland revolt; some 30,000 Protestants massacred |
185 |
0 |
0 |
1641 |
England begin to import cotton from the Mediterranean and cotton fabric begins to be produced in Manchester |
186 |
0 |
0 |
1642 |
Abel Tasman visits SW Tasmania and names it Van Diemans Land and claims it for Holland |
187 |
0 |
0 |
1642 |
English Civil War (until 1645) begins with Battle of Edgehill |
188 |
0 |
0 |
1642 |
Blaise Pascal invents an adding machine. |
189 |
0 |
12 |
1642 |
First Europeans known to reach New Zealand were from Dutch explorer Abel Tasman's ships Heemskerck and Zeehaen. Tasman anchored at the northern end of the South Island but sailed northward to Tonga following a clash with local Maori. |
190 |
0 |
0 |
1643 |
Evangelista Torricelli invents the barometer. |
191 |
0 |
0 |
1643 |
Louis XIV, King of France (the 'Sun King') was born. A gourmet, gourmand and many say glutton. During his reign food began to be served in courses, rather than placed on the table all at once, and forks came into widespread use. |
192 |
4 |
1 |
1643 |
Sir Isaac Newton - one of the most influential scientists in history |
193 |
17 |
8 |
1648 |
Scots invade England and are defeated by Cromwell at Battle of Preston |
194 |
0 |
0 |
1649 |
Long Parliament (Rump Parliament) confiscates land House of Lords abolished Charles II, meanwhile in exile on Continent, travels to Scotland, signs Covenant, Scots support him |
195 |
30 |
1 |
1649 |
Execution of Charles I |
196 |
19 |
5 |
1649 |
The Commonwealth of England, in which England is governed as a republic, is established and lasts until 1660 |
197 |
0 |
0 |
1650 |
Mass production of glass bottles and cork stoppers |
198 |
0 |
0 |
1650 |
Oliver Cromwell crushes Irish rebellion, then Scots at Battle of Dunbar during the Third English Civil War |
199 |
0 |
0 |
1651 |
Thomas Hobbes, in Leviathan, argued from a mechanistic theory that man is a selfishly individualistic animal at constant war with others. In the state of nature, life is 'nasty, brutish, and short.' |
200 |
0 |
0 |
1652 |
Dutch settlers establish a permanent European colony at the Cape of Good Hope. They bring new crops, plants, animals, and diseases to southern Africa. |